# Eight Definitions of Cybernetics

source
: https://twitter.com/CyberneticSere1/status/1480984989563076614?t=_UJp7IY3-zbYJegr8qZSSg&s=19

[A Twitter user](https://twitter.com/CyberneticSere1) provides eight definitions of [[cybernetics]]:

> 1.  “The field of control and communication in the animal and the machine”(N. WIENER, 1948, p.19).
> 2.  “The study of systems that are open to energy but closed to information and control – systems that are information tight” (W.R. ASHBY, 1956, p.5).
> 3.  “Science of informational structures in technical and non-technical domains” (basically concerned with data treatment) (STEINBUCH, 1955, p.325).
> 4.  “The theory and technique of systems which transform messages” (FRANK.1969, p.30).
> 5.  “(the) mathematical and constructive treatment of general structural relations, functions and systems” (von CUBE, 1967, p.11-16).
> 6.  “The theory of interconnectedness of possible dynamic self-regulated systems with their subsystems” (KLAUS, 1965).
> 7.  “(the general theory of the transformation of information, and & the theory and principles of building various transformers of information” (1966), GLUSHKOV
> 8.  “Discipline which studies regulations and communication in the living beings and the man-built machines” (J de ROSNAY, 1975, p.93)